fluid intelligence refers most directly to a persons

As an example, consider the Stanford-Binet test, which measures different areas of performance that contribute to general intelligence, like working memory and visual-spatial reasoning. Today, almost all IQ tests are factor models inspired by Spearman’s work on g. This is why a composite score of many different tests is assumed to give an estimation of g. This single factor has been shown to explain 40 - 50% of the variance in individual performance on IQ tests. Statistically, g is a way to account for variance. Psychometrically, g as a construct refers to the overall mental capacity behind a person’s performance on any number of cognitive tasks. When people talk about IQ or intelligence, it’s usually this general mental ability that they are referring to. Later, however, further analysis showed that g alone was enough to explain the correlations between different tests. The result was Spearman’s two-factor theory which attempted to show that all cognitive performance can be explained by two variables: one general ability ( g) and the many specific abilities ( s) it gave rise to. He devised factor analysis to measure the relationships between seemingly varied cognitive abilities and account for the correlations he saw between scores on different tests. What did this say about the nature of intelligence?

If a child did well in one subject, they generally also did well in another subject, and vice versa. doi:10.Spearman noticed that children’s grades across all school subjects tended to be highly correlated. Friends (and sometimes enemies) with cognitive benefits: What types of social interactions boost executive functioning? Social Psychological and Personality Science. Ybarra O, Winkielman P, Yeh I, Burnstein E, Kavanagh L. We can boost IQ: Revisiting Kvashchev's experiment.

Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory: a meta-analysis. Ashgate 2011.Īu J, Sheehan E, Tsai N, Duncan GJ, Buschkuehl M, Jaeggi SM. A History of Intelligence and “Intellectual Disability”: The Shaping of Psychology in Early Modern Europe. Correlation between the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale- 3rd edition metrics and brain structure in healthy individuals: A whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging study. Structure of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fourth edition in a group of children with ADHD. The Woodcock–Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities III’s cognitive performance model. Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Ageing and skills: A review and analysis of skill gain and skill loss over the lifespan and over time. When does cognitive functioning peak? The asynchronous rise and fall of different cognitive abilities across the life span. Hebb and Cattell: The Genesis of the Theory of Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence. Network Neuroscience Theory of Human Intelligence. Organization of abilities and the development of intelligence. Working memory and fluid intelligence: Capacity, attention control, and secondary memory retrieval. Two thirds of the age-based changes in fluid and crystallized intelligence, perceptual speed, and memory in adulthood are shared. Ghisletta P, Rabbitt P, Lunn M, Lindenberger U. A watershed model of individual differences in fluid intelligence. Kievit RA, Davis SW, Griffiths J, Correia MM, Cam-can, Henson RN. Age differences in fluid and crystallized intelligence. Openness, fluid intelligence, and crystallized intelligence: Toward an integrative model. Ziegler M, Danay E, Heene M, Asendorpf J, Bühner M.

Fluid intelligence refers most directly to a persons